Color glass imitation diamonds, imitation gems, imitation jade and glazed production and application

Yin Baozhong Hu Bai Liu
The first author: Yin Baozhong, senior consultant of the third artificial gemstone professional committee of the China Treasure Association, former researcher at the Shanghai Silicate Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
. Introduction
With the improvement of people's material civilization and spiritual civilization, people's requirements for their own image are getting higher and higher. Instead, they gradually match factors such as clothing, hobbies, and occasions, so they hope to diversify the accessories and spare parts. At the same time, natural diamonds, gems, jade and other mineral resources are increasingly scarce, so the price is more expensive, and color, shape, and uniformity are greatly limited. Therefore, people's demand for artificial gemstones is more urgent. It also hopes that the variety is rich, colorful, realistic, and low in price. At present, the use of inorganic non -crystal materials or glass to imitate the colorless or colorful natural gems and jade, which can already achieve the true level of falseness. In terms of shape and materialization, it can be adjusted through the component. It is difficult to divide, because the glass can be made into a homogeneous non -crystal state, and it can also become a multi -phase material containing liquid droplets and trace metal particles. In this way, fashion people who can wear ornaments are gentle and elegant, more atmospheric, self -sufficient, and meet the growing beauty psychological needs. More perfect.
This briefly introduces glass imitation diamonds (commonly known as rhinestones), the process principles of various colored gems, imitation jade and glazed technology and the application of corresponding products in the market.
. The principle of process
The glass is not strict like artificial synthetic gemstones. As we all know, such as synthetic ruby, synthetic sapphire, or synthetic crystal, etc., chemical composition and materialized nature are the same as natural. Under the conditions of manual control, these products can reduce impurities to extremely low. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of some artificial synthetic products are better than natural products. Essence If glass is used to imitate various natural treasure jade, it focuses on similar appearances. It does not require the same chemical composition. It only requires similar feel in terms of physical and chemical properties such as density and hardness. After being made into a glass base with similar imitation objects, it is necessary to grind it into a polygonal body like natural gemstones. It is observed from various angles in various angles in natural light. Gem is very similar to imitation gemstone.
The glass substrate for melting imitation gem products can be used in the laboratory, as well as platinum or rigid jade, it is easy to control, excellent performance, good performance, good production, but low output and high cost. Usually produced in large -capacity pupa or small pond furnaces in the factory, as long as it strictly follows the process requirements in the operation process, a qualified substrate can be obtained.
The choice of raw materials, the total requirements are the impurities such as iron as low as possible, so that the color of the product can be bright and crystal clear.
The introduction of oxide components in the material, the selected mineral raw materials and chemical raw materials need to be changed according to the atmosphere requirements of imitation objects and atmosphere during melting. , But only one of them can be used under specific conditions; red or golden yellow can generally use selenium and cadmium sulfide as raw materials, but the system of high -content lead oxide is not applicable. Similarly, some green products can only be used by only from from Copper oxide, copper sulfate, and copper oxide chose one or combination as raw materials that introduce color agents.
The temperature of the melting glass is about 1400 ° C. Due to the changes in the chemical composition of the material, the length of the melting time will have a larger range of choices.
. Results and discussions
1. Glass imitation diamonds
M common glass imitation diamonds are colorless and transparent, commonly known as "rhinestones", or color. These glass imitation diamonds are mainly used as decorations and low prices. The physical and chemical performance of its materials is currently only seen in the comprehensive data of the product after coating and metal substrates, and there is no precise value to the glass substrate. Last year, researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Siliconate of the Chinese Academy of Sciences assisted Zhejiang enterprises to digest, absorb and absorb and localize (innovation) introduced semi -mechanized glass imitation diamond grinding equipment and process technologies and glass materials from the Czech Republic. During the discussion, the performance of the Czech experts did not clearly put forward higher requirements for the performance of glass substrates. We believe that the raw material content of the melting glass substrate should be low, so that the made glass is highly transparent and colorless, and there is no stripes and small bubbles. After the glass granules are grinded into semi -finished products with 17 or other shapes, the process of coating and silver after acid solution is treated. It is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Glass imitation diamond (commonly known as rhinestin) crafts
If the variety is single, the substrate glass of colorless transparent glass imitation diamonds can be produced by factory kiln or even small pond furnaces. For glass substrates that produce a variety of colorful glass imitation diamonds, you can choose a furnace or a slightly large electric furnace melting in the laboratory according to the amount of dosage and color. It is difficult to completely wash the remaining color glass, because some inorganic color agents (Yin Baozhong et al., 1982; baozhong yin et al., 1982,1983) is very strong.
In the shining requirements of the crystal decoration of glass imitation diamonds, the refractive index of the glass substrate should be as high as possible, but it should maintain a certain viscosity to make it easy to form. In addition, the cost should also be considered. After all, the price of glass imitation diamonds is not high, but to obtain rich profits with a large number.
2. Glass imitation colored gem
It the work of imitation of various colored gems with glass. It has a long time and a large span. Because the color series involved The depth and light and dark real requirements have been made. Some color series products are very sensitive to the melting atmosphere in the process. A slightly oxidized atmosphere will fade or even color without color; on the contrary, some components do not show color in a slightly restored atmosphere. If the color of the product is good, it is necessary to be carried out in strict accordance with the rules in the process operation. After some factories found some materials, they did not know why they were copied, so that each time the product was different, it could not be repeated. It was sold in the form of "supermarket" and made the finished product as a one -time supply.
In laboratory or factory melting into a preliminary and appropriate uniform glass block for the preliminary lines and bubbles, please cut and grind the unit to process it into the same specifications and sizes provided by the seller. Observe the slight differences between the two from each angle, and then make adjustments to consistent. Therefore, in addition to the material of the glass with similar density and as close as possible, the variety and quantity of the color agent must be accurately prepared. Sometimes, the number of colored agents in a color glass is very small, but more than three combinations are required to achieve the degree of emotional effects. Figure 2 shows a sample of some glass imitation of color gemstones.
Figure 2 color glass imitation gem ring noodles
. After years of hard work, there are many glass imitation gemstone varieties in the jewelry market.
Manic artist in the United States to make the glass matrix when making large -scale glass artworks in its working group: porcelain -colored glass uniform bubbles, unparalleled lines; bright colors, many varieties; various color porcelain glass between colorful porcelain glass The difference in thermal expansion is less than ± 1, and the actual requirements are almost zero; each pot of glass needs to be attached to the expansion coefficient stress to show the data difference; the surface tension of the glass material cannot be small, so that the boundary of the melting surface of the glass is clear and neat. There are strict technical requirements for size and specifications. These are also our requirements for producing colorful glass imitation gemstones.
It, on the basis of the above -mentioned color glass imitation gemstone, we added porcelain -based components to the color glass production materials to make products required by customers. The national market provides products produced by my country.
3. Glass imitation jade
It use glass to imitate jade, first emulsify the glass. To make glass milky, you need to introduce a certain amount of emulsifier component to the glass production material, or use the chemical components to be insoluble (Yin Baozhong, 1984). The phase can be made to make opaque or translucent milky glass due to different refractive indexes between the substrate and distribution. If you want to imitate jade, you must control the amount and size of the particulate emulsifier in the material, and you must not grow too much.
For the convenient process and simple process, a small amount of emulsifier is generally added and components that prevent the micro -crystal or micro -bubbles. It is necessary to control the temperature in the melting process well, and the time should not be too long, so as not to disappear in the melting system.
FIG. 3 Imitation of jade crafts
This materials can be imitated into imitation jade varieties (Figure 3). If you want to be colorful (Yin Baozhong, etc., 1992), you need to add a trace color color in the composition of the material. We once imitated the light gray green Xinjiang Hetian jade beads and exported to the country. In post -processing operations, the above process should be avoided by the emulsifiers in the material, micro -crystals or micro -bubbles and glass materials together are pulled up to grow fiber, because the refractive index of the two is obvious. Make the final product under the natural light, and the cat's eye effect appears from a certain angle.
4. Liuli
li is found in ancient my country. In fact, it is modern colored lead -containing glass. Ancient artists in our country have superb skills when making glazed art, making glazed art very exquisite. But for a long time, we could not see these glass artworks circulating in the market. Under the advocacy of several Taiwanese artists, we have developed and achieved success, so that the ancient Chinese Liuli artworks can be reproduced, and they have new development and new ideas. In recent years, there have been many Liuli artworks on the market. Some have become collections, and some are valuable gifts for VIPs. Among them, Wang Xiajun Group and Yang Huishan and Zhang Yi Group are particularly outstanding.
If Figure 4 Liuli
The processing requirements for making glass, because such "crystal" glass with high content of lead oxide components, which make the commonly used color required for a slightly restored atmosphere cannot be used. It will make the color of the color glass darker or even gray, and the color will be worse after dehydration. At present, the content of lead oxide components is still developing in a high direction. The domestic mature is a category with a slightly lower lead content. Because the component changes, the corresponding process parameters must be moved, such as acid polishing treatment. Concentration and time, sintering temperature, etc. must be changed.
The requirements for glazed materials are the consistent linear expansion coefficient and similar density, so that the glass powder will not occur during the sintering process so as not to occur or show welding surface.
Iladder is mainly used as crafts, but it can also be used as raw materials for processing as gems and other decorations. Because of its high refractive index, it can make the grinding products crystal clear. use. Figure 4 is shown in Figure 4.
. Conclusion
1) The glass with glass can be made with glass, commonly known as diamonds (commonly known as rhinestones), and glazed substrates. Commodities and derivatives have formed a considerable scale. In terms of quality improvement, there is still great potential.
2) Investment and innovation development should be increased in the technical research and equipment improvement of glass imitation diamonds (commonly known as rhinestones) and treasure jade in the melting and molding equipment of the glass. At a high level, the cost will decrease significantly and the profit will be higher.
References
Yin Baozhong, Guo Changlin, Lu Changwei. 1986. Research on the process of golden glass color rendering process. .1984. X-ray studies of carburizing glass. Journal of Silicate, 12 (3): 313.
Yin Baozhong, Zhao Xiaowei, Marrizon .1992. Journal of inorganic materials, 7 (3): 281.
baozhong yin.1982.the size of simlide in glass.j.non-classsta.solids, 52: 567.
baozhong yin, juyun sher.1983. Study of Glass by saxs.glastech.ber, 56: 986.